NAME

       psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps


SYNOPSIS

       psmeca  files  -Jparameters  -Rwest/east/south/north  [  -Btickinfo ] [
       -Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Gfill] [ -H[n]  ]  [  -K  ]  [
       -L[pen]  ]  [  -M  ]  [  -N  ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [
       -Tnum_of_plane[<pen>] ] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [-Xx-shift  ]  [
       -Yy-shift  ]  [-Zcptfile]  [ -z ] [ -a[<size>[P_symbol>[T_symbol]]] ] [
       -gfill ] [-efill ] [ -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:] [-ccopies ]


DESCRIPTION

       psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input]  and  generates
       PostScript  code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most options
       are the same as for psxy.  The PostScript code is written  to  standard
       output.



ARGUMENTS

       files  List  one  or more file-names. If no files are given, psvelomeca
       will read standard input.

       -J     Selects the map projection. Scale is  UNIT/degree,  1:xxxxx,  or
              width  in  UNIT  (upper case modifier).  UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
              depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but  this
              can  be overridden on the command line by appending the c, i, or
              m to the scale/width value.

              CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
              -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
              -Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as origin)
              -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral-
              lel)
              -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale   (Oblique   Mercator  -  point  and
              azimuth)
              -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
              -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale  (Oblique  Mercator  -  point  and
              pole)
              -Jqlon0/scale  (Equidistant  Cylindrical  Projection (Plate Car-
              ree))
              -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equator as y = 0)
              -Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set origin)
              -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
              -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

              AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
              -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
              -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
              -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
              -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

              CONIC PROJECTIONS:

              -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
              -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
              -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

              MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

              -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
              -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
              -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
              -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
              -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
              -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
              -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

              NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r)  coordinates,  optional  a
              for azimuths and offset theta [0])
              -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]]  (Linear,  log,  and  power
              scaling)
              More details can be found in the psbasemap manpages.

       -R     west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest.  To
              specify boundaries in degrees and minutes [and seconds], use the
              dd:mm[:ss] format. Append r if lower left and  upper  right  map
              coordinates are given instead of wesn.

       -S     Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
              In  order  to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is
              in third column.  Nevertheless,  it  is  possible  to  use  "old
              style"  psvelomeca  input  files  without  depth in third column
              using the -o option.

       -Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention.   scale  adjusts
              the  scaling  of  the  radius of the "beach ball", which will be
              proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
              5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  Use the -T option
              to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only  the  nodal
              planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the compres-
              sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
              shade  of  the  extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
              option.  Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees

       7:     magnitude

       8,9:   longitude,  latitude  at  which  to place beach ball. Entries in
              these columns are necessary with the -C  option.  Using  0,0  in
              columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longtiude, lati-
              tude given in columns 1 and 2. The -:  option  will  interchange
              the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

       10:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).


       -Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal  mechanisms  in Harvard CMT convention.  scale adjusts the
              scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
              tional  to  the  magnitude.  Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
              (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p  is
              appended).  Use the -T option to render the beach ball transpar-
              ent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference.  The
              color  or  shade  of  the compressive quadrants can be specified
              with the -G option. The color or shade of  the  extensive  quad-
              rants  can  be  specified  with  the  -E option.  Parameters are
              expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

       7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

       10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

       12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.  Entries  in
              these  columns  are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in
              columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach  ball  at  the  longitude,
              latitude  given  in  columns  1 and 2. The -: option will inter-
              change the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).

       14:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Seismic moment tensor (Harvard  CMT,  with  zero  trace).  scale
              adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the "beach ball", which
              will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale  is  the  size  for
              magnitude  = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)
              in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0  option  over-
              lays  best  double  couple  transparently.)  Put -Sdscale[/font-
              size[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of  moment
              tensor.  Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
              part of moment tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade  of  the
              compressive  quadrants  can be specified with the -G option. The
              color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified  with
              the  -E  option.  Parameters are expected to be in the following
              columns

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9:
              mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

       10:    exponent

       11,12: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.  Entries  in
              these  columns  are  necessary  with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
              columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
              itude  given  in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
              the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       13:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).


       -Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes.   scale
              adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the "beach ball", which
              will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale  is  the  size  for
              magnitude  =  5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  The
              color or shade of the compressive  quadrants  can  be  specified
              with  the  -G  option. The color or shade of the extensive quad-
              rants can be specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
              expected to be in the following columns

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

       6:     strike of plane 2

       7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

       8:     magnitude

       9,10:  longitude,  latitude  at  which  to place beach ball. Entries in
              these columns are necessary with the -C  option.  Using  0,0  in
              columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
              itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option  will  interchange
              the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       11:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).


       -Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
              scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of the radius of the "beach ball",
              which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is  the  size
              for  magnitude  =  5  (that  is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23
              dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m,  or  p  is  appended).   (-T0
              option   overlays   best   double  couple  transparently.)   Put
              -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to  plot  the  only  double
              couple part of moment tensor.  Put -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/off-
              set[u]]] to plot zero trace moment tensor.  The color  or  shade
              of  the  compressive  quadrants  can  be  specified  with the -G
              option. The color or shade of the  extensive  quadrants  can  be
              specified  with the -E option.  Parameters are expected to be in
              the following columns

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
              value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth,  plunge  of  T,  N,  P
              axis.

       13:    exponent

       14,15: longtiude,  latitude  at  which  to place beach ball. Entries in
              these columns are necessary with the -C  option.  Using  0,0  in
              columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
              itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option  will  interchange
              the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       16:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).




OPTIONS

       No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.

       -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for details.

       -C[pen][Ppointsize]
              Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude specified in
              the  last  two  columns  of the input file before the (optional)
              text string. A small circle is plotted at the  initial  location
              and  a  line  connects  the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
              and/or Ppointsize to change the line style and/or  size  of  the
              circle.  [Defaults:  pen  width  =  1,  color = 0/0/0, texture =
              solid; pointsize 0].

       -D     depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.

       -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white.  Set  the
              shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].

       -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the compres-
              sional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are  shaded.
              Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].

       -H     Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of header records can
              be changed by editing  your  .gmtdefaults  file.  If  used,  GMT
              default is 1 header record.

       -K     More  PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
              the plot system].

       -L[pen]
              Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen  attributes.   [Defaults
              width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

       -N     Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified
              by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].

       -bo    Selects binary output. Append s for single precision [Default is
              double].

       -P     Selects  Portrait  plotting  mode [GMT Default is Landscape, see
              gmtdefaults to change this].

       -T[num_of_planes]
              Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which  is  trans-
              parent.  If num_of_planes is
                    0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                    1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                    2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.

       -U     Draw  Unix System time stamp on plot. User may specify where the
              lower left corner of the stamp should fall on the page  relative
              to  lower  left corner of plot. Optionally, append a label, or c
              (which will  plot  the  command  string.).  The  GMT  parameters
              UNIX_TIME  and  UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appearance; see the
              gmtdefaults man page for details.

       -V     Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
              [Default runs "silently"].

       -W     Set default pen attributes.
               [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

       -X -Y  Shift  origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend a for abso-
              lute coordinates; the default (r) will reset plot origin.

       -Zcptfile
              Give a color palette file and  let  compressive  part  color  be
              determined by the z-value in the third column.

       -z     Overlay zero trace moment tensor.

       -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
              Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
              size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
              circle,   (d)   diamond,  (h)  hexagon,  (i)  inverse  triangle,
              (p)point,  (s)  square,  (t)  triangle,  (x)  cross.  [Defaults:
              0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

       -efill Selects  filling  of  T  axis  symbol.  Set the shade (0-255) or
              color (r/g/b). Default is white.

       -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol.   Set  the  shade  (0-255)  or
              color (r/g/b). Default black.

       -o     Use  the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third col-
              umn.

       -p[pen]
              Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
              attributes.

       -t[pen]
              Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
              attributes.

       -:     Toggles between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (latitude,longitude)
              input/output.  [Default  is  (longitude,latitude)].   Applies to
              geographic coordinates only.

       -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]


EXAMPLES

       The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
       psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 .br -Sc0.4 -H1 >! test.ps
       lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
       239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
       END



SEE ALSO

       gmt(GMTMANSECTION), psbasemap(GMTMANSECTION) psxy(GMTMANSECTION)


REFERENCES

       Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
       Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
       F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton,  1998,
       p.167.
       Cliff  Frohlich,  Cliff’Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
       and Sv’
       Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1,  January-February,
       1996
       Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
       1995, p.384.
       W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P.  Flannery,  Numerical
       Recipes in
        C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)


AUTHORS

       Genevieve Patau
       CNRS UMR 7580
       Seismology Dept.
       Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
       (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)



                                  1 Jan 2004                         PSMECA(l)

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