NAME
pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
SYNOPSIS
pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north -Aparameters [
-Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [-M] [ -N
] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d] ] [ -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn
] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [ -Z<cpt>
] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -ppen ]
[ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]
DESCRIPTION
pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional
columns of data. The PostScript code is written to standard output.
files list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
read standard input.
A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism
(from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to half-sphere
behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, - north
direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direc-
tion (= north^east) becomes u^s
Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
new system.
Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is
defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file is created with extracted
events.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this
can be overridden on the command line by appending the c, i, or
m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as origin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral-
lel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection (Plate Car-
ree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equator as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates, optional a
for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log, and power
scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap manpages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest. To
specify boundaries in degrees and minutes [and seconds], use the
dd:mm[:ss] format. Append r if lower left and upper right map
coordinates are given instead of wesn. If frame is defined from
cross-section parameters (see -A) this option is not taken into
account, but must be present.
-A selects the cross-section.
-Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
limiting the length ot the cross-section.
dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a ver-
tical plane or above and under an oblique plane.
dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal
plane, along steepest descent direction.
Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
-Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of
the cross-section.
strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-section.
p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
-Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
-Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
-S selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the fig-
ure to be plotted.
-Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magni-
tude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). Use the -T option to render
the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and
the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quad-
rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of
the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip and rake
7: magnitude
8,9: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
10: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Scscale
Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
tional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
or p is appended to indicate that the size information is in
units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). Use the
-T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only
the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the fol-
lowing columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is uses
instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and 0 must
be in column 11)
12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
14: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
to indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). The color or shade of the com-
pressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
11: text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the
size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23
dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). (-T0 option overlays best
double couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/off-
set[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compres-
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9:
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
10: exponent
11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format
13: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
-Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the
size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23
dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches,
meters, or points, respectively). (-T0 option overlays best
double couple transparently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/off-
set[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
Put -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compres-
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T, N,
and P axes.
13: exponent
14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the follow-
ing: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t)
triangle, (x) cross. size is the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT
(unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). If size must be read, it must be in column 4 and
the text string will start in column 5. Parameters are expected
to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4: Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under
(add u).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for details.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
compressional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0]. Optionally, specify -Gpi-
con_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number of the image
pattern (1-32) OR the name of a icon-format file. icon_size
sets the unit size in inches. To invert black and white pixels,
use -GP instead of -Gp. See Appendix E for information on indi-
vidual patterns.
-H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of header records can
be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file. If used, GMT
default is 1 header record.
-K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
the plot system].
-L[pen]
Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or
sets pen attributes.
-M Same size for any magnitude.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default
plots points inside border only].
-bo Selects binary output. Append s for single precision [Default is
double].
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default is Landscape, see
gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_planes]
Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans-
parent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may specify where the
lower left corner of the stamp should fall on the page relative
to lower left corner of plot. Optionally, append a label, or c
(which will plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appearance; see the
gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
[Default runs "silently"].
-W set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for
fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture
= solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend a for abso-
lute coordinates; the default (r) will reset plot origin.
-Zcptfile
Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
determined by the z-value in the third column.
-a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
(p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.]
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.]
-p[pen]
Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
attributes.
-t[pen]
Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
attributes.
-: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
input/output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Applies to
geographic coordinates only.
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
SEE ALSO
gmt(GMTMANSECTION), psbasemap(GMTMANSECTION) psmeca(GMTMANSECTION),
psxy(GMTMANSECTION)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff’Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
and Sv’
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHOR
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
1 Jan 2004 PSCOUPE(l)
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