NAME
psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
SYNOPSIS
psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [ -Btickinfo ] [
-Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Gfill] [ -H[n] ] [ -K ] [
-L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [
-Tnum_of_plane[<pen>] ] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [-Xx-shift ] [
-Yy-shift ] [-Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[<size>[P_symbol>[T_symbol]]] ] [
-gfill ] [-efill ] [ -o ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:] [-ccopies ]
DESCRIPTION
psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most options
are the same as for psxy. The PostScript code is written to standard
output.
ARGUMENTS
files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psvelomeca
will read standard input.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx, or
width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this
can be overridden on the command line by appending the c, i, or
m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as origin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral-
lel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection (Plate Car-
ree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equator as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates, optional a
for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log, and power
scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap manpages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest. To
specify boundaries in degrees and minutes [and seconds], use the
dd:mm[:ss] format. Append r if lower left and upper right map
coordinates are given instead of wesn.
-S Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is
in third column. Nevertheless, it is possible to use "old
style" psvelomeca input files without depth in third column
using the -o option.
-Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T option
to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal
planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the compres-
sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees
7: magnitude
8,9: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longtiude, lati-
tude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
10: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the
scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
tional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5
(that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball transpar-
ent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The
color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad-
rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
expected to be in the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in
columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball at the longitude,
latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will inter-
change the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).
14: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm)
in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option over-
lays best double couple transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/font-
size[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double couple part of moment
tensor. Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9:
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
10: exponent
11,12: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
13: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). The
color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quad-
rants can be specified with the -E option. Parameters are
expected to be in the following columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
11: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size
for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23
dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
-Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
couple part of moment tensor. Put -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/off-
set[u]]] to plot zero trace moment tensor. The color or shade
of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
the following columns
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P
axis.
13: exponent
14,15: longtiude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
itude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange
the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16: Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for details.
-C[pen][Ppointsize]
Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude specified in
the last two columns of the input file before the (optional)
text string. A small circle is plotted at the initial location
and a line connects the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
and/or Ppointsize to change the line style and/or size of the
circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
solid; pointsize 0].
-D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the compres-
sional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are shaded.
Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].
-H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of header records can
be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file. If used, GMT
default is 1 header record.
-K More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
the plot system].
-L[pen]
Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes. [Defaults
width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified
by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
-bo Selects binary output. Append s for single precision [Default is
double].
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default is Landscape, see
gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_planes]
Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans-
parent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may specify where the
lower left corner of the stamp should fall on the page relative
to lower left corner of plot. Optionally, append a label, or c
(which will plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appearance; see the
gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
[Default runs "silently"].
-W Set default pen attributes.
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend a for abso-
lute coordinates; the default (r) will reset plot origin.
-Zcptfile
Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
determined by the z-value in the third column.
-z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
-a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,
(p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b). Default is white.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b). Default black.
-o Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third col-
umn.
-p[pen]
Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
attributes.
-t[pen]
Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
attributes.
-: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
input/output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Applies to
geographic coordinates only.
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
EXAMPLES
The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 .br -Sc0.4 -H1 >! test.ps
lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
END
SEE ALSO
gmt(GMTMANSECTION), psbasemap(GMTMANSECTION) psxy(GMTMANSECTION)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
p.167.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff’Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
and Sv’
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHORS
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
1 Jan 2004 PSMECA(l)
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